The authors examine how the passage of the Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA) of 1997 has impacted upon the use of adoption as a route for children to leave state-supported substitute care. The report looks at four states participating in the Foster Care Data Archive-California, Illinois, Missouri, and New York-and what happens to children placed in foster care who would have previously been subject to ASFA-defined mandates. The changes that were legislated by ASFA were designed to modify or accelerate the processes involved in casework decisions. The authors looked at those children who were placed in foster care in order to provide a baseline against which ASFA-based changes might eventually be analyzed. Questions about how the welfare experiences of these children differ from those of other children in foster care and about exit patterns applied to this group of foster children are also addressed.