In 1998, Chapin Hall drew together over thirty service providers, university-based researchers, and representatives of government, advocacy groups, and foundations to address the emerging phenomenon of fiscal reform for child welfare services. Although fiscal reform stands to have an enormous impact on the organization, financing, and delivery of child welfare services, the field is ill equipped to anticipate its impact. The conference, and this summary, posed and explored questions related to child welfare and fiscal reform in an attempt to begin formulating a research agenda. This summary reviews sessions on "Fiscal Reform and Child Welfare-Where Is It Happening?" "Market Forces and System Structure," "Community Reinvestment," and "Developing a Research Agenda."